Dar un golpe de timón para predecir reacciones químicas de varios pasos
- 28 de abril de 2022
- Publicado por: Juan Manuel
- Categoría: novedades
Los investigadores superan las limitaciones computacionales para predecir los materiales de partida
de las reacciones de varios pasos utilizando sólo información sobre la molécula del producto objetivo
¿Alguna vez ha visto sólo el final de un programa de televisión y se ha preguntado cómo avanzaba la historia hasta ese final? De forma similar, los químicos suelen tener en mente una molécula deseada y se preguntan qué tipo de reacción podría producirla. Los investigadores del Grupo Maeda del Instituto de Diseño y Descubrimiento de Reacciones Químicas (ICReDD) y la Universidad de Hokkaido han desarrollado un método que permite predecir la “historia” (es decir, los materiales de partida y las vías de reacción) de las reacciones químicas de varios pasos utilizando únicamente información sobre el “final” (es decir, las moléculas del producto).
Predecir la receta de una molécula de producto objetivo, sin más conocimientos que la propia molécula, sería una poderosa herramienta para acelerar el descubrimiento de nuevas reacciones. El grupo de Maeda desarrolló previamente un método computacional que logró predecir reacciones de un solo paso de esta manera. Sin embargo, la ampliación a reacciones de varios pasos conduce a un aumento espectacular del número de posibles vías de reacción, lo que se conoce como explosión combinatoria. Este fuerte aumento de la complejidad da lugar a unos costes de cálculo prohibitivos.
Para superar esta limitación, los investigadores desarrollaron un algoritmo que reduce el número de caminos que hay que explorar descartando los caminos menos viables en cada paso de la reacción. Después de calcular todos los caminos posibles para un paso hacia atrás en la reacción, un método de análisis cinético evalúa en qué medida cada camino produce la molécula objetivo. Los caminos de reacción que no producen la molécula objetivo por encima de un porcentaje de umbral preestablecido se consideran poco significativos y no se siguen explorando.
Este ciclo de exploración, evaluación y descarte de rutas de reacción se repite para cada paso hacia atrás en una reacción de varios pasos y mitiga la explosión combinatoria que normalmente se produciría, haciendo que las reacciones de varios pasos sean más factibles de calcular. Los métodos anteriores se limitaban a reacciones de un solo paso, mientras que este nuevo método es capaz de predecir reacciones de más de 6 pasos, lo que supone un gran salto en su capacidad.
Como prueba de concepto, los investigadores probaron el método en dos conocidas reacciones de varios pasos, la de Strecker y la de Passerini. Se propusieron miles de materiales de partida para cada reacción, que se filtraron hasta llegar a los candidatos más prometedores en función de la estabilidad y el rendimiento del producto. Entre los candidatos propuestos se encontraban los materiales de partida conocidos para cada reacción, lo que confirma la capacidad de la técnica para identificar materiales de partida experimentalmente viables a partir de la molécula del producto objetivo.
Aunque hay que seguir trabajando para poder predecir sistemas aún más grandes y complejos, los investigadores prevén que este avance en el manejo de procesos de varios pasos acelerará el descubrimiento de nuevas reacciones químicas.
“Este trabajo proporciona un enfoque único, ya que es la primera vez que se pueden realizar predicciones inversas de reacciones de varios pasos utilizando cálculos químicos cuánticos sin utilizar ningún conocimiento o dato sobre la reacción”, dijo el profesor Satoshi Maeda. “Esperamos que esta técnica permita descubrir transformaciones químicas totalmente inimaginables, en cuyo caso hay pocos conocimientos o datos experimentales que utilizar”.
Rastreador de celular – Aplicativo de rastreamento oculto que registra localização, SMS, áudio de chamadas, WhatsApp, Facebook, foto, câmera, atividade de internet. Melhor para controle dos pais e monitoramento de funcionários. Rastrear Telefone Celular Grátis – Programa de Monitoramento Online. https://www.xtmove.com/pt/
Monitore o celular de qualquer lugar e veja o que está acontecendo no telefone de destino. Você será capaz de monitorar e armazenar registros de chamadas, mensagens, atividades sociais, imagens, vídeos, whatsapp e muito mais. Monitoramento em tempo real de telefones, nenhum conhecimento técnico é necessário, nenhuma raiz é necessária.
mexican pharmacy: mexico pharmacy – п»їbest mexican online pharmacies
buying prescription drugs in mexico online
https://cmqpharma.com/# mexican pharmaceuticals online
mexican rx online
mexican pharmaceuticals online: medicine in mexico pharmacies – mexico drug stores pharmacies
india pharmacy mail order: india pharmacy mail order – reputable indian online pharmacy
top online pharmacy india buy medicines online in india Online medicine home delivery
pharmacy canadian: buying from canadian pharmacies – real canadian pharmacy
http://foruspharma.com/# mexican mail order pharmacies
is canadian pharmacy legit: legitimate canadian pharmacy – canadian pharmacy online reviews
best online pharmacy india: п»їlegitimate online pharmacies india – mail order pharmacy india
buy drugs from canada canadapharmacyonline legit my canadian pharmacy reviews
buying prescription drugs in mexico: buying prescription drugs in mexico online – medication from mexico pharmacy
https://canadapharmast.com/# canadian pharmacy reviews
mexican drugstore online: mexico pharmacy – buying prescription drugs in mexico
india pharmacy mail order: Online medicine home delivery – india online pharmacy
recommended canadian pharmacies: canadian neighbor pharmacy – canadian pharmacy sarasota
india pharmacy mail order: Online medicine home delivery – india pharmacy
indian pharmacy online: india online pharmacy – indian pharmacy online
https://canadapharmast.online/# canada drugs online review
canadian pharmacy: cheap canadian pharmacy – medication canadian pharmacy
http://clomiddelivery.pro/# rx clomid
https://paxloviddelivery.pro/# buy paxlovid online
https://ciprodelivery.pro/# buy cipro online canada
http://amoxildelivery.pro/# amoxicillin 50 mg tablets
https://paxloviddelivery.pro/# paxlovid generic
http://doxycyclinedelivery.pro/# doxycycline brand in india
https://doxycyclinedelivery.pro/# doxycycline 500 mg capsules
https://ciprodelivery.pro/# cipro
http://paxloviddelivery.pro/# paxlovid buy
mexican mail order pharmacies best online pharmacies in mexico medicine in mexico pharmacies
mexico drug stores pharmacies: mexican drugstore online – buying from online mexican pharmacy
mexican mail order pharmacies: mexican online pharmacies prescription drugs – buying prescription drugs in mexico online
mexico drug stores pharmacies buying from online mexican pharmacy mexican border pharmacies shipping to usa
mexican drugstore online: pharmacies in mexico that ship to usa – best online pharmacies in mexico
mexico drug stores pharmacies: reputable mexican pharmacies online – buying from online mexican pharmacy
https://mexicandeliverypharma.online/# buying from online mexican pharmacy
mexican drugstore online buying prescription drugs in mexico online medication from mexico pharmacy
mexico drug stores pharmacies: buying from online mexican pharmacy – pharmacies in mexico that ship to usa
https://mexicandeliverypharma.online/# medication from mexico pharmacy
pharmacies in mexico that ship to usa: best online pharmacies in mexico – best online pharmacies in mexico
mexican mail order pharmacies purple pharmacy mexico price list pharmacies in mexico that ship to usa
mexican online pharmacies prescription drugs: buying from online mexican pharmacy – best online pharmacies in mexico
best online pharmacies in mexico: medication from mexico pharmacy – mexican mail order pharmacies
mexican drugstore online: mexican drugstore online – mexico pharmacies prescription drugs
mexico drug stores pharmacies medication from mexico pharmacy buying from online mexican pharmacy
buying from online mexican pharmacy: mexican drugstore online – mexican pharmaceuticals online
buying prescription drugs in mexico online: pharmacies in mexico that ship to usa – buying prescription drugs in mexico online
mexican drugstore online: medication from mexico pharmacy – medicine in mexico pharmacies
reputable mexican pharmacies online mexican pharmaceuticals online mexico drug stores pharmacies
mexican rx online: purple pharmacy mexico price list – п»їbest mexican online pharmacies
medication from mexico pharmacy: mexico drug stores pharmacies – pharmacies in mexico that ship to usa
reputable mexican pharmacies online: mexican mail order pharmacies – buying from online mexican pharmacy
mexican pharmacy medicine in mexico pharmacies mexican pharmacy
mexico drug stores pharmacies: mexican mail order pharmacies – buying from online mexican pharmacy
buying prescription drugs in mexico online: medication from mexico pharmacy – mexican mail order pharmacies
mexico drug stores pharmacies: medicine in mexico pharmacies – mexico drug stores pharmacies
mexican online pharmacies prescription drugs: mexican rx online – п»їbest mexican online pharmacies
mexico drug stores pharmacies mexican rx online mexican border pharmacies shipping to usa
buying prescription drugs in mexico: mexico drug stores pharmacies – mexico pharmacies prescription drugs
buying from online mexican pharmacy: mexican border pharmacies shipping to usa – best online pharmacies in mexico
reputable mexican pharmacies online reputable mexican pharmacies online medicine in mexico pharmacies
mexican online pharmacies prescription drugs: mexican pharmaceuticals online – mexico drug stores pharmacies
purple pharmacy mexico price list: purple pharmacy mexico price list – mexican mail order pharmacies
medication from mexico pharmacy: best online pharmacies in mexico – mexican border pharmacies shipping to usa
purple pharmacy mexico price list buying from online mexican pharmacy mexican rx online
purple pharmacy mexico price list: mexican mail order pharmacies – medicine in mexico pharmacies
mexican mail order pharmacies: mexican rx online – best online pharmacies in mexico
medication from mexico pharmacy: mexican border pharmacies shipping to usa – medication from mexico pharmacy
mexican drugstore online medicine in mexico pharmacies mexico drug stores pharmacies
reputable mexican pharmacies online: mexican rx online – buying prescription drugs in mexico
reputable mexican pharmacies online mexico pharmacies prescription drugs mexico pharmacy
pharmacies in mexico that ship to usa: mexican rx online – medicine in mexico pharmacies
mexican border pharmacies shipping to usa: reputable mexican pharmacies online – purple pharmacy mexico price list
medication from mexico pharmacy: buying prescription drugs in mexico online – п»їbest mexican online pharmacies
buying prescription drugs in mexico online: п»їbest mexican online pharmacies – mexican online pharmacies prescription drugs
mexican pharmaceuticals online: pharmacies in mexico that ship to usa – mexican pharmaceuticals online
pharmacies in mexico that ship to usa: buying prescription drugs in mexico online – mexican rx online
mexican drugstore online: mexican drugstore online – pharmacies in mexico that ship to usa
buying prescription drugs in mexico: pharmacies in mexico that ship to usa – mexican border pharmacies shipping to usa
mexico pharmacies prescription drugs: mexican rx online – purple pharmacy mexico price list
buying prescription drugs in mexico: mexico drug stores pharmacies – best online pharmacies in mexico
mexico pharmacies prescription drugs: reputable mexican pharmacies online – п»їbest mexican online pharmacies
cytotec online: buy cytotec pills – order cytotec online
https://zithromaxbestprice.pro/# zithromax 500mg over the counter
http://propeciabestprice.pro/# buy cheap propecia pill
zithromax prescription: zithromax capsules australia – zithromax purchase online
https://prednisonebestprice.pro/# prednisone 54899
http://nolvadexbestprice.pro/# clomid nolvadex
tamoxifen generic: tamoxifen hormone therapy – tamoxifen 20 mg
https://nolvadexbestprice.pro/# clomid nolvadex
how to lose weight on tamoxifen: tamoxifen endometriosis – tamoxifen skin changes
zithromax 250 mg australia: generic zithromax 500mg india – zithromax online usa no prescription
buy cytotec in usa: buy cytotec online – buy cytotec pills
https://prednisonebestprice.pro/# prednisone 10mg tabs
cost of cheap propecia pill: cheap propecia no prescription – buying generic propecia without prescription
can you buy zithromax over the counter in australia: zithromax price south africa – zithromax canadian pharmacy
https://nolvadexbestprice.pro/# nolvadex only pct
should i take tamoxifen: tamoxifen estrogen – tamoxifen medication
nolvadex for sale: tamoxifen dosage – tamoxifen alternatives premenopausal
viagra generico sandoz: acquisto viagra – viagra consegna in 24 ore pagamento alla consegna
farmacia online piГ№ conveniente: Farmacie on line spedizione gratuita – comprare farmaci online all’estero
acquistare farmaci senza ricetta: kamagra gel – Farmacie online sicure
viagra generico recensioni: acquisto viagra – viagra online spedizione gratuita
Farmacie on line spedizione gratuita: Cialis generico recensioni – farmaci senza ricetta elenco
http://tadalafil.auction/# brand name cialis
i need cialis overnight: cialis without a doctor prescription – where can i buy cialis
https://sildenafil.llc/# viagra samples
tadalafil cialis bestprice: Buy Cialis online – buy cialis online in usa
cheap cialis generic online: Generic Cialis without a doctor prescription – cialis 40mg
http://tadalafil.auction/# cialis prices in ontario
cialis without a doctor prescription reddit: Buy Tadalafil 20mg – buy black cialis
http://mexicopharmacy.win/# medication from mexico pharmacy
http://indiapharmacy.shop/# indian pharmacy
where can i buy ed pills
generic ed meds online: Best ED pills non prescription – online ed prescription
https://mexicopharmacy.win/# purple pharmacy mexico price list
buy erectile dysfunction treatment
http://edpillpharmacy.store/# cheap boner pills
pharmacies in mexico that ship to usa: mexico pharmacy win – mexican online pharmacies prescription drugs
https://edpillpharmacy.store/# cheapest ed pills
cheap ed meds online
http://indiapharmacy.shop/# п»їlegitimate online pharmacies india
buying erectile dysfunction pills online: ed pills online – where to get ed pills
discount ed pills: online ed prescription same-day – erectile dysfunction pills for sale
http://indiapharmacy.shop/# Online medicine order
https://mexicopharmacy.win/# buying from online mexican pharmacy
http://indiapharmacy.shop/# indian pharmacy paypal
https://mexicopharmacy.win/# mexican online pharmacies prescription drugs
https://indiapharmacy.shop/# online shopping pharmacy india
http://mexicopharmacy.win/# purple pharmacy mexico price list
http://edpillpharmacy.store/# where to buy erectile dysfunction pills
https://tamoxifen.bid/# femara vs tamoxifen
п»їcytotec pills online http://lisinopril.guru/# price of lisinopril
lasix
http://lipitor.guru/# generic lipitor for sale
cytotec pills buy online https://tamoxifen.bid/# tamoxifen joint pain
lasix generic name
lasix 40mg lasix furosemide furosemida 40 mg
buy cytotec https://tamoxifen.bid/# tamoxifen buy
lasix side effects
https://cytotec.pro/# cytotec pills buy online
buy cytotec pills https://furosemide.win/# lasix 40mg
lasix 40 mg
lipitor generic australia Lipitor 10 mg price lipitor 10mg
http://tamoxifen.bid/# tamoxifen men
purchase cytotec: buy misoprostol tablet – order cytotec online
п»їcytotec pills online http://lisinopril.guru/# lisinopril 40 mg without prescription
lasix 100mg
https://furosemide.win/# furosemida 40 mg
lipitor india generic: cheapest ace inhibitor – can i buy lipitor online
lipitor 40 mg price: buy lipitor 20mg – lipitor rx
buy cytotec http://tamoxifen.bid/# does tamoxifen cause joint pain
furosemida 40 mg
https://lisinopril.guru/# cost of lisinopril 2.5 mg
over the counter lisinopril: Lisinopril refill online – lisinopril 10 12.5 mg
Abortion pills online https://lipitor.guru/# lipitor 80 mg price
lasix 100 mg
tamoxifen endometrium: tamoxifen brand name – tamoxifen headache
http://easyrxcanada.com/# canadian pharmacy checker
http://easyrxindia.com/# top online pharmacy india
http://mexstarpharma.com/# mexico drug stores pharmacies
https://mexstarpharma.com/# mexico drug stores pharmacies
https://mexstarpharma.online/# mexico drug stores pharmacies
https://mexstarpharma.com/# buying prescription drugs in mexico online
http://mexstarpharma.com/# mexican pharmaceuticals online
canadian mail order pharmacy: canadian pharmacy sarasota – canada discount pharmacy
sweet bonanza: sweet bonanza mostbet – sweet bonanza giris
slot casino siteleri: slot bahis siteleri – en iyi slot siteler
https://slotsiteleri.bid/# 2024 en iyi slot siteleri
en cok kazandiran slot siteleri: en cok kazandiran slot siteleri – deneme bonusu veren slot siteleri
https://denemebonusuverensiteler.win/# deneme bonusu veren siteler
deneme bonusu veren slot siteleri: en cok kazandiran slot siteleri – en iyi slot siteleri
slot bahis siteleri: slot siteleri guvenilir – deneme bonusu veren slot siteleri
slot oyunlar? siteleri: yeni slot siteleri – en iyi slot siteleri
https://sweetbonanza.network/# sweet bonanza indir
https://pin-up.diy/# пин ап вход
1вин 1вин зеркало 1win официальный сайт
https://1win.directory/# 1вин
пин ап вход: pin up казино – пин ап казино вход
1вин зеркало: 1вин сайт – 1вин сайт
http://pin-up.diy/# пин ап вход
1хбет зеркало: 1хбет официальный сайт – зеркало 1хбет
https://pin-up.diy/# пин ап вход
пин ап вход: пин ап казино вход – пинап казино
vavada зеркало: вавада – вавада казино
http://vavada.auction/# вавада
1вин сайт: 1вин – 1вин зеркало
physicians rx pharmacy: Sporanox – community rx pharmacy
online pharmacy propecia: levofloxacin online pharmacy – pharmacy stuff store
https://onlineph24.com/# tylenol 3 online pharmacy
online pharmacy overnight shipping
Feldene: testosterone cypionate online pharmacy – cialis daily
https://pharm24on.com/# buy cialis cheap us pharmacy
no rx needed pharmacy
24 hour pharmacy: proventil online pharmacy – Neurontin
365 pharmacy viagra: Ponstel – cheap pharmacy online
propecia at boots pharmacy: pharmacy2u propecia – seroquel xr online pharmacy
india pharmacy mail order: target pharmacy crestor – pharmacy that sells rohypnol
is pharmacy rx one legit: clozapine registry pharmacy – cetirizine pharmacy
med rx pharmacy: online pharmacy fioricet – online pharmacy diflucan
https://mexicopharmacy.cheap/# buying prescription drugs in mexico
kroger pharmacy finasteride: pharmacy online 365 reviews – 15 rx pharmacy
mexican border pharmacies shipping to usa buying prescription drugs in mexico online mexico pharmacies prescription drugs
Dostinex: quick rx pharmacy – pharmacy sell viagra in malaysia
http://mexicopharmacy.cheap/# purple pharmacy mexico price list
mexican online pharmacies prescription drugs: buying prescription drugs in mexico online – medicine in mexico pharmacies
mexican online pharmacies prescription drugs: mexico pharmacies prescription drugs – mexico drug stores pharmacies
buying from online mexican pharmacy: mexican rx online – reputable mexican pharmacies online
mexican drugstore online mexican online pharmacies prescription drugs purple pharmacy mexico price list
https://pharmbig24.com/# sky pharmacy
mexican border pharmacies shipping to usa: mexico drug stores pharmacies – mexican online pharmacies prescription drugs
reputable mexican pharmacies online: mexico drug stores pharmacies – mexican pharmaceuticals online
rx options pharmacy help desk best online pharmacy reviews get prescription online
https://pharmbig24.online/# rx warehouse pharmacy
cheapest online pharmacy india: reputable indian online pharmacy – mail order pharmacy india
viagra pharmacy us triamcinolone cream online pharmacy doxycycline hyclate online pharmacy
mexican rx online: reputable mexican pharmacies online – mexican rx online
nexium online pharmacy no prescription: wedgewood pharmacy gabapentin – kamagra online pharmacy uk
india pharmacy mail order Online medicine home delivery india pharmacy
http://pharmbig24.com/# online pharmacy store hyderabad
mexican pharmaceuticals online: buying from online mexican pharmacy – mexican drugstore online
reputable indian pharmacies: world pharmacy india – cheapest online pharmacy india
mexican drugstore online mexican online pharmacies prescription drugs mexican rx online
https://indianpharmacy.company/# buy medicines online in india
п»їlegitimate online pharmacies india: cheapest online pharmacy india – buy prescription drugs from india
Online medicine home delivery mail order pharmacy india reputable indian online pharmacy
no prescription pharmacy: worldwide pharmacy online – good pill pharmacy
https://pharmbig24.com/# is world pharmacy store legit
us online pharmacy viagra: compound pharmacy – value generic pharmacy adipex
top 10 online pharmacy in india cheapest online pharmacy india top online pharmacy india
mexico drug stores pharmacies: buying prescription drugs in mexico online – п»їbest mexican online pharmacies
Ventolin inhalator rx pharmacy cialis senior rx care pharmacy
Online medicine home delivery: indian pharmacy online – Online medicine home delivery
http://indianpharmacy.company/# Online medicine home delivery
nortriptyline online pharmacy: rx plus pharmacy – stat rx pharmacy
generic cialis best pharmacy xeloda specialty pharmacy masters in pharmacy online
indian pharmacy paypal: indian pharmacies safe – reputable indian pharmacies
pharmacy website india: indian pharmacy paypal – Online medicine home delivery
https://pharmbig24.com/# us pharmacy viagra prices
pharmacy error methotrexate women’s health pharmacy sell viagra in malaysia
mexico drug stores pharmacies: mexico drug stores pharmacies – mexican mail order pharmacies
https://betine.online/# betine guncel giris
starz bet giris starzbet guncel giris starzbet giris
https://starzbet.shop/# starz bet giris
http://starzbet.shop/# starzbet guncel giris
starzbet giris starzbet starzbet guncel giris
https://gatesofolympusoyna.online/# gates of olympus demo
casibom casibom guncel giris casibom guncel